A 14-year-old from Kerala’s Kozhikode tragically passed away on Wednesday night after succumbing to an infection caused by amoebic meningoencephalitis. This marks the third fatality from the brain-eating amoeba in the state over the past two months, according to health officials. The teenager had been hospitalized on June 24, displaying symptoms such as a severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. It is suspected that he contracted the infection while bathing in a stream near his home.
What is the “Brain-Eating Amoeba”?
Naegleria fowleri, commonly known as the brain-eating amoeba, is a rare but highly dangerous microorganism. It causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a severe infection that leads to significant damage to brain tissue.
Symptoms of Amebic Meningoencephalitis
Symptoms of primary amebic meningoencephalitis typically appear between two to 15 days after exposure and progress rapidly. Early symptoms, which closely resemble those of bacterial or viral meningitis, include:
- Severe headache
- High fever
- Stiff neck
- Nausea and/or vomiting
In the later stages, symptoms become more severe and can include:
- Confusion
- Disorientation
- Seizures
- Loss of balance
- Coma
Unfortunately, PAM is nearly always fatal, with a 97% mortality rate.
Where is Naegleria fowleri Found?
According to the USA’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Naegleria fowleri thrives in warm freshwater environments such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. In rare instances, it can also be found in inadequately maintained swimming pools.
How is it Contracted and Transmitted?
Infection occurs when Naegleria fowleri enters the body through the nose, typically when people swim or bathe in contaminated water. The amoeba then travels to the brain via the olfactory nerve. It is important to note that swallowing water containing Naegleria fowleri does not result in infection.
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is not contagious and cannot spread from person to person. There have been no recorded instances of PAM being transmitted through human contact.
Can it be Treated?
PAM progresses rapidly and is challenging to diagnose, contributing to its high fatality rate. Despite ongoing research, effective treatments remain limited.
Conclusion
The recent fatalities in Kerala highlight the dangers posed by the brain-eating amoeba, Naegleria fowleri. Awareness and precautionary measures are crucial in preventing further cases. Avoiding swimming in warm freshwater bodies, especially during high temperatures, and ensuring swimming pools are well-maintained can help reduce the risk of infection.
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